Located in southern Spain, Doñana National Park is the largest nature reserve in Europe. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and covers over 50,000 hectares. It has diverse ecosystems, including marshes, scrub woodlands, dunes, and lagoons. Sadly, in recent years, climate change is putting this delicate ecosystem in jeopardy.
Located near the Strait of Gibraltar, Doñana is a crucial stopover for millions of migratory birds travelling between Africa and Europe. Its rich variety of fauna attracts ornithology enthusiasts from around the world. Yet, the park's wetlands are drying up due to recurring droughts. The water reserves were reduced by 59% between 1985 and 2018. The largest permanent lagoon, Santa Olalla, completely dried up for the second consecutive year in 2023.
Doñana has faced environmental challenges before. In 1998, a toxic spill from the Los Frailes mine contaminated the Guadiamar River, causing deformities in bird eggs and leading to an expensive cleanup. Another danger that Doñana was facing, were the plans to build a road along the park's coast, which would destroy untouched dunes. Luckily, they were halted in 2010 by environmental groups.
On top of that, in 2022, Doñana recorded its highest temperature of 46.3°C and its lowest annual rainfall in a decade. When combined, they accelerate soil degradation and affect vegetation.
It is still not too late to save Doñana National Park. By making conscious choices and supporting sustainable practices, we can ensure this fragile paradise endures for future generations. What you can do is to be a responsible traveller, and support smaller and local businesses. Buy seasonal fruits, vegetables, and other products. But most importantly, be aware that your choices can impact other people's lives and the environment.